The Intersection of External Time and Internal Time in Mrs Dalloway by

In Mrs Dalloway, the modernist writer Virginia Woolf undermines the usual conventions of prior prose fiction by adopting an innovative approach to time. She contrasts the objective external time and subjective internal time that structure the plot of the one-day novel. In fact, the story takes place on a single day in June and, by the use of two important techniques, namely the stream of consciousness mode of narration and the interior monologue, the reader is constantly flowing from the present to the past or the future. Moreover, Woolf blurs the distinctions between dream and reality but emphasizes the importance of the present moment. Finally, both representations of time have a great influence on characters' life and relations between each other. Firstly, time itself, which, in fact, measures and divides, becomes fluid, elastic and mobile the interaction of memories and thoughts. As Showalter points out in the introduction of Mrs Dalloway, "In Time and Free Will (1888) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Bergson" speaks about "'psychological time, which is internal, subjective, and measured by the relative intensity of the moment'" (qtd. in Woolf xx). Internal time is one of the new characteristics that Woolf introduces in her novel. In other words, she describes a subjective reality through the stream of consciousness. By this new mode of narration, Woolf gives to the reader the impression of entering the consciousness of the characters. It describes the unorganised flow of thoughts, sensations, and memories that is the time in the mind (or internal time). Characters' memories introduce the element of time. Furthermore, one of the techniques for represen... ...clusion, I would say that Woolf also found her own voice in Mrs Dalloway. Indeed, in this novel, she has radically broken with the traditional way of representing time. The intersection between external and internal time structures very well the novel despite his disordered and discontinued nature. In fact, Woolf has succeeded in keeping unity throughout the story despite the constant moves between the consciousnesses of every character. Moreover, by the use of the new modern techniques, i.e. the stream of consciousness and the interior monologues, she makes the novel seem more truthful. Therefore, through this subjective approach to reality, the reader is closer to the characters and s/he is easier absorbed in the new world of fiction. Bibliography Woolf, Virginia. Mrs Dalloway. London: Penguin Classics, 2000.

Life in Spain in the Golden Age

The Spanish Society during their Golden Age The golden age of Spain does not exactly refer to tremendous economic growth or an excellent era of monarchial rule in peace and prosperity rather it refers to the rule of Charles II, which was characterized by the weakening of the Castile, and the deteriorating Spanish crown. According to Sedney Donell (2003), during this time, the Castilian privileged classes in various provinces of the Monarchy took advantage of the weakened Monarchy and began to take the affairs of the imperial state in their own hands, which later came to be known as the golden age of Spain (Donell 2003, p. 151). Spanish society during this time was in confusion and this was aggravated by the impact of feminization that was creating confusion on the role of men in the society. How ordinary Life was for them Life in Spain during the golden age was not ordinary as people experienced acute economin difficulty due to severe economic decline because of wars. Marcelin Defourneaux (1979) cited demographic statistics, which proves beyond doubt that â€Å"there was steep decline in the towns which formerly- and recently- had played such a vital role in the economic life of the country† (Defourneaux 1979, p. 92). Defourneaux noted during Philip II Spain’s prosperity was ruined by the waning of the Spanish economy and people had to survive mainly on land products as most of their industries had collapsed. What I could point out about Spain’s society during this time is that theirs was a stubborn society. Despite of the failures of their rulers to bring them peace and prosperity, they remained loyal to their Monarchs. A case in point was the collapsed of Charles II rule only to be replaced by a more inefficient king. Explain the Reason why Spain was like that in the Golden Age There had been several reasons why Spain was economically in distress during their golden age. Among these reasons were corruptions, wars, gender issue, and ineffective leadership. William H. Robinson and Jordi Falgas however, cited that Barcelona and Madrid suffered economic decline due to trade monopoly of King Ferdinand of Argon- Catalonia and Isabella of Castile Robinson & Falgas 2006, p. 5). All this contributed to the economic problem that Spain had suffered during their so-called ‘golden age.’ Work Cited Defourneaux, M., (1979) Daily life in the Golden Age. California: Stanford University Press. Donell, S., Feminizing the Enemy: Imperian Spain, Transvestite Dramma, and the Crises.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   USA: Bucknell University Press. Knight, C., (1840) Penny Cyclopaedia of Useful Knowledge. London: Encyclopedias & Dictionaries

Possible Methods of Sustainability at University of Ottawa

Environmentally, the University of Ottawa’s campus is constantly under construction, looking for new and greater ways to promote sustainability. A way to identify the problems around campus is by doing surveys. UOttawa’s Global Environmental Challenges Class has conducted one regarding services and programs around campus that move towards a more environmentally friendly campus. The students verbally carried out these surveys to students, professors and other staff members to acquire their level of knowledge on the subject. The data was compiled and graphed to develop the statistics in order to measure these levels. The end result was that very few students actually knew anything concerning the services and programs themselves. Specifically, the male gender had the least interest or comprehension of the subject. As a result of this, to make a difference, communication regarding the services and programs clearly needs to be elevated from a whisper to a shout if there is t o be success in a greener awareness on campus. It is no secret that this great planet shares a number of problems; climate change, land management, the amount of waste we generate, but one of its biggest faults is the fact that we are exhausting its natural resources at an astonishing rate. Whether it is water, energy, food or natural resources such as trees, oils and minerals, it is known that we are well into the overdraft as far as our carrying capacity is concerned. The major question now, is can we moveShow MoreRelatedDesign4939 Words   |  20 PagesPaul Desmarais Professor in the Management of Technological Enterprises, School of Management, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. K1N 6N5, Canada b Ivey School of Management, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., Canada c Department of Management, School of Business, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA Abstract Consideration is given to the convergence of supply chains and sustainability. In doing so, the focus on environmental management and operations is moved from local optimizationRead MorePrimary Health Care and Health Promotion2541 Words   |  10 Pagesindividuals. Prevention is thus better than cure. 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Hoa, Hilary du Crosb b a School of Hotel and Tourism Management, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Department of Geography, The University of Hong Kong/School of Hotel and Tourism Management, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Received 24 November 2003; accepted 4 February 2004 Abstract This paper examines the nature of the relationship between tourism and cultural heritage managementRead MoreEssay on Bombardier Aerospace Company Report3951 Words   |  16 PagesBOMBARDIER AEROSPACE Team 3 Project Report COMM 210/CA – Summer 2009 Amine Benasla Camila Fitzgibbon Luxi Zeng Qi Zhang Yuan Yuan Zhu Concordia University John Molson School of Business Table of Contents 1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 2. 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8 Rules for Properly Recording Names in Genealogy

Beyond Value Measurement. 1.Introduction. For Management

Beyond value measurement 1.Introduction For management accountants, they provide information for managers of an organization who direct and control its operations. In the management accounting report, analyze and assessment of value is an important part. It can affect stakeholders who make decisions of an organization and good and right evaluation can help them to get more benefits. At the same time, it is important to understand the cause and effect relationship of the value. Cause and effect relationship can help management accounts to analyze the value. And it is a priority for management accountants. 2.Core values As management accountants, the values which they offered not only financial and non-financial metrics. The values depend†¦show more content†¦After that, according to the information what they have to analyze values. In the end, this analyze may make shareholders obtain a benefit. 3.Value-based management (VBM) â€Å"The VBM framework extends these ideas to highlight the identification of the firm’s financial and non-financial value drivers, and the feedback loop from performance to the subsequent reassessment of objectives, strategies, and organizational design and control.† (Ittner, C. D. and D. F. Larcker, 2001). Value-based management is a kind of corporate governance principle and management approach that ensures corporations are managed consistently on long-term shareholder value creation. In normally, it can maximize shareholder value. An important part of VBM is deep understanding the key value drivers. It is a kind performance variant that will actually create the value of the business and any variable that affects the value of the company. For key value drivers, the understanding is crucial. An organization cannot act directly on the value. At the same time, the company has to act on things which value drivers can influence, like cost, overhead expense, and so on. In this part, cause-and-effect relationship plays a vital role. According to the cause-and-effect relationship, management accounts can correct analysis the value drivers which can affect the development of the company. In addition, the management of company basis the drivers of value to comprehend theShow MoreRelatedAs An Advanced Nurse Practitioner ( N-5747 Words   |  3 Pagesadvanced nurse practitioner (APN), one must understand that he or she is under constant scrutiny. The performance measurements of primary care providers include several asp ects that affect their practice and treatment outcomes. The purpose of this discussion post is to identify and evaluate an aspect of clinical performance measurement. Then, determine the utilization of these measurements for nurse practitioner (NP) productivity. 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Challenges in Emerging Economies-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Address the Challenges faced in Emerging Economies. Answer: The multinational corporations are those which function in more than one countries and strive to maintain higher profit and market share. There are many opportunities available for a multinational firm but despite having these opportunities there are many challenges which the multinationals have to face in competition with the local firms. These multinationals fail due to many reasons like higher prices, lack of the knowledge of local needs and requirements of people, laws and regulations, lack of support, etc. (Padmanabhan, 2014). Being hired as a CEO of a multinational firm I will have to take some steps to address the challenges faced by the companies in the emerging economies. As the global markets are expanding, the competition is increasing and becoming tougher day by day. The increase in technology and communication technology can be a great measure to face the competition and challenges. The multinational should focus on communication with the local consumers and suppliers. Getting along with the supportive industries can lead them to better positions. Miscommunication between the companies and the local population or government can cause problems (Padmanabhan, 2014). For this, the companies need to hire the local people to get the support from the local societies and also to communicate with the customers well. The business need to understand the complexities and that is how they can maximize their efficiency and maintain the competitive edge in the business. There should be a room for flexibility in the business to get along with the local conditions. The cost sourcing should be minimized so that the prices of the outputs can be minimum and not high. The multinationals can focus on the local needs and requirements of the customers to fulfill them and create more demand for the business in various countries (JP Morgan, 2010). The companies should set up collaboration between the communities by giving them through Corporate Social responsibility so that they could get their support in return. The business culture should be maintained which support the fulfillment of aims and objectives of the business and it should also handle the complexities of the market. The demand for their goods and services could be created by goof promotional methods and publicity. This could make the multinational more successful in various countries and this is how the challenges could be met (JP Morgan, 2010). References JP Morgan (2010). Strategic challenges and opportunities for corporate sponsors. Retrieved from https://www.jpmorgan.com/cm/BlobServer?blobcol=urldatablobtable=MungoBlobsblobkey=idblobwhere=1158628727055blobheader=application%2Fpdfblobheadername1=Content-dispositionblobheadervalue1=attachment;filename=J.P.Morgan.Multinational.Pensions.Whitepaper_November.pdf. Padmanabhan, P (2014). Five Steps to Success in Emerging Markets. Entrepreneurship.

Financial Analysis of Wesfarmers Ltd †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Financial Analysis of Wesfarmers Ltd. Answer: Introduction The aim of this report is to examine financial performance of Wesfarmers Ltd over the year 2015 and 2016 financial years. The area of efficiency, liquidity, solvency and profitability would be assessed and which would be of great interest to potential investors who are key stakeholders in this case and who invests in highly competitive business conditions. Data from the companys 2015 and 2016 annual reports would be used in presenting and analysing the company financial performance and in making inferences or recommendations about its financial prospects. In essence, only consolidated figures are used including analysis of balance sheet, statement of cash flow and income statement. Further, overall summary with key recommendations about the company on whether potential investors should invest in the company or not will be made. Wesfarmers Ltd is the largest conglomerates in the globe operating over six business segments in Australia, whose headquarter is in Perth, Australia. Furthermore, Wesfarmers Ltd is one of the highly reputable firms listed on ASX, with around 500,000 shareholders and 200,000 employees (Wesfarmers 2016). It was usually established as small Western Australian Farmer Co-operative but has not diversified into numerous sectors like resource, insurance and retail and is currently generating revenue of more than $50 billion per year. Basically, Wesfarmers Ltd is usually a diversified firm operating departmental stores, coal mining, supermarkets, officer supplies and home improvement, chemicals, industrial and safety products, insurance, fertilize and energy products. It most common brands of this company include Coles, Kmart and Target. In addition, Wesfarmers Ltd is known as a highly profit making firm in Australia. Wesfarmers competes with Myer Holdings, ADAIRS FPO, Reject Shop and JB Hi a nd operates over 787 Coles supermarket and offer credit cards, car, home, landlord and life insurance products. It also has over 865 liquor stores under Vintage Cellars, First Choice Liquor and Liquorland (Wesfarmers 2016). The company supplies building materials, technology products, and retail office and also supplies ammonium nitrate, sodium cyanide, wood plastic composite decking, industrial chemicals, polyvinyl chloride resins as well as sodium. Financial analysis is very crucial in this case since it help potential investors in making better decisions as to whether to invest in Wesfarmers Ltd. While conducting a financial analysis, three categories are used, that is financial statement analysis, ratio analysis as well as stock movement analysis for the past two years. Based on the company income statement, it is evident that Wesfarmers Ltd has a net profit of around $407 million in the financial year 2016. This was relatively lesser as compared to the previous year. In addition, a strong performance across most of it business are found to have been offset by the challenging trading situations as well as restructuring activities in the Target as well as the impacts of relatively lower commodity prices in the resources business. Despite relatively lower net income, Wesfarmers reported a net sale of around $65,981million in the financial year 2016 which was mostly attributed by its continued efforts to invest in the customer value, stores, service, improved merchandise ranges and online ranges in delivering improved returns and long-term growth (Wesfarmers 2016). Further, based on its cash flow statement, it is evident that Wesfarmers reported an operating cash flow of around $3,365 million in the financial year 2016 which was $426 or 11.2% far much below the previous year. This lower operating cash flow mostly displayed a higher working capital in retail portfolio. In addition, its net capital expenditure was around $1,336 million which was 13.9% lower as compared to the previous year. Further, proceeds from the disposals for the company in 2016 was $563 million which was also relatively lower compared to the financial year 2015, which was as a result of fewer retail property sales (Wesfarmers 2016). Overall, the company had a gross capital expenditure of around $1,899 million which was $340 million lower compared 2015. Its free cash flow was $1,233 million which was 34.9% below the previous year. Further, Wesfarmers Ltd maintained strong balance sheet within the year. The net financial debt for the company over the financial year 2016 was $5,727 million which was far much above the previous year. The increase was as a result of acquisition of the Homebase as well as working capital investments. Capital employed in 2016 was $27,663 million which was lower as compared to the figures recorded in 2015. Further, based on Wesfarmers Ltd balance sheet, working capital for the company increased with receivables and inventories increasing in 2016 partially offset by increasing payables (Wesfarmers 2016). This ratio is used in measuring level of liquidity in an organization. It is also referred to as working capital ratio as it is obtained by dividing current assets by an organizations current liabilities (Peavier 2012). Based on the Table 1 below, it is evident that current ratio for Wesfarmers Ltd for the past two years was 0.935 in 2015 and 0.929 in 2016. This means that for the past two years, the company was experiencing difficulties in settling its short-term debts commitments. 2015 2016 Current ratio 0.935 0.929 The ratio is used assessing the capacity of a given company in settling off all its short-term debts with it most liquid assets without liquidation of inventories (Peavier 2012). From the Table 2 below, it is evident that Wesfarmers Ltd quick ratio was 0.23 in 2015 which later decreased in 2016. The figures are clear indication that for the past two years, Wesfarmers Ltd was experiencing some issues in paying off its short-term obligations. 2015 2016 Quick ratio 0.23 0.19 This ratio is used in measuring amount of income or profit that is earned per each dollar of sales. It is computed by dividing net income by total revenue (Peavier 2012). The results from Table 3 below show that profit margin for the company was 0.62%. The figure was relatively higher as compared to the peer average which was -5.5% but it was relatively lower as compared to the previous year. The decrease in net profit margin is a clear indication that the company income earned per dollar of sales has been decreasing over the years. Table 3: Wesfarmers Ltd net profit margin for the past two years 2015 2016 Net profit margin 3.91% 0.62% Return on asset This ratio is used in measuring efficiency of an organization in utilizing assets to generate income (Peavier 2012). Based on Table 2 below, it is evident that is ROA for the financial year 2016 was 1.00%. This figure shows a significant decrease from 2015 where a ROA of around 6.04 was recorded. The decrease in ROA is a clear indication that Wesfarmers is inefficient or ineffective in managing its assets to generate income. 2015 2016 ROA 6.04% 1.00% Return on equity The ratio is used in measuring overall performance of an organization earned per each dollar of investment. It is computed by dividing net income by an organizations equity (Peavier 2012). As from Table 5 below, it is evident that is ROE for the year was 1.77%. This figure is relatively high as compared to its peer average which is -15.17%, meaning that the company is more efficient in utilizing its equity to generate income as compared to its peers. Nonetheless, the figure was relatively lower as compared to the figures recorded in 2015, meaning that the company was not efficient enough in utilizing its shareholders equity to generate income. 2015 2016 ROE 9.85% 1.77% The ratio is useful since it is used in measuring organization efficiency. Here, a higher asset turnover shows how efficient an organization is in utilizing its total assets to generate revenue (Peavier 2012). Based on the Table 6 below, it is evident that total asset turnover for the company was 1.55 in 2015 which later increased to 1.62 in 2016. The increase in total asset turnover is a clear indication that Wesfarmers Ltd is more efficient in utilizing its assets to generate revenue. 2015 2016 Asset turnover 1.55 1.62 The ratio is used in measuring number of times an organizations inventories are used or sold within a given period. From Table 7 below, it is evident that Wesfarmers Ltd inventory turnover was 7.90 in 2015 and in 2016 it was 7.34. 2015 2016 inventory turnover 7.90 7.34 Receivable turnover According to Peavier (2012), receivable turnover is usually a ratio used in measuring how efficiently an organization utilizes its assets. As from Table 8, it is evident that Wesfarmers Ltd receivable turnover increased as from 42.68 in 2015 to around 40.53 in 2016. The figures show that Wesfarmers is efficient in managing its receivables. 2015 2016 Receivable turnover 40.53 42.68 This is a financial ratio used in measuring an organization level of leverage. It is usually obtained by dividing total liabilities of an organization by its total assets (Peavier 2012). From Table 9 below, it is evident that for the last two years, Wesfarmers experienced an increase in debt ratio as from 0.39 in 2015 to 0.44 in 2016. The figures are clear indication that the company is less leverage and therefore does not heavily rely on debt in financing its assets. 2015 2016 Debt ratio 0.39 0.44 Debt to equity ratio The ratio is useful since it is utilized in measuring overall level of debt financing in relation to the equity financing. It is usually regarded as the guide to level of control in existence and is computed by dividing an organizations total debts by its shareholders equity (Peavier 2012). Based on Table 10 below, it is evident that debt to equity ratio for the company increased as from 0.63 in 2015 to 0.78 in 2016. Despite the increase in debt to equity ratio, it is evident that for the past two years, the company has been relying heavily on equity financing instead of debt financing. 2015 2016 Debt to equity ratio 0.63 0.78 Market value of Wesfarmers Ltd shares was $41.17 by the first quarter in 2016. This is a decrease from the fourth quarter in 2015. In essence, by looking at the trend in the company stock price for the past one year, it is evident that its stock prices have been on increase with some fluctuations. Furthermore, for the past one year, there has not been major variation in Wesfarmers Ltd stock price and therefore it can be stated that the company has had stable price movement in the last one year. His is mainly due to the fact that its earnings have been relatively strong and have been increasing every year. Wesfarmers Ltd focuses on its operational excellence as well as on diversifying its main operation by acquiring numerous businesses that have sound financials and that has been disposing of their business operations which are viewed to be unprofitable. In addition, the firm reinvested billions of money for it acquisition and growth and focused on paying dividends to its shareholders , which resulted in the positive sentiment for its share price and therefore its stock price has some increasing movement, which is viewed as more or less stable. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be stated that Wesfarmers has lower debt liabilities as compared to its equity and assets. This is a clear view that Wesfarmers is a strong investment quality for potential investors. In addition, it can be concluded that Wesfarmers management is not efficient enough in managing its assets and equity to generate income. This is evidence by a relatively lower ROE and ROA over the years. Nonetheless, based on efficiency and solvency ratios, it can be concluded that Wesfarmers Ltd has very strong performers with significantly robust financial positions which is geared towards its improvement and growth in near future. Therefore, it is recommendable that Wesfarmers could make a good investment opportunity for potential investors who are looking forward to invest their money in a financially strong and healthy company. References Peavier, R., 2012, Financial Ratio Analysis Tutorial 101. [Online]Available at:htp:/bizfinance.about.com/od/yourfinancialpositon/s/financial-ratio-analysis-tutorial- 101.htm [Acesed 6 October 2017] Wesfarmers 2016, Wesfarmers Annual Report, 2016 [Online]Available at:https://www.wesfarmers.com.au/docs/default-source/reports/2016-annual-report.pdf?sfvrsn=4 [Acesed 6 October 2017]